Pengalaman Hamil Anak Ke-2 & Tarif Biaya Melahirkan RSIA Harapan Bunda Bandung

Agustus 2018, tak disangka ternyata menjadi tahun saya mengalami hamil lagi. Terus terang tak direncanakan sebelumnya. Sempat ada beberapa kali obrolan mengenai Kak Bintang yang kepingin punya adik bayi. Kak Bintang usianya sekarang sudah 6 tahun dan sudah lulus TK.

Awal Agustus tuh saya sempat merasakan beberapa kali mual, tapi saya pikir itu dari maag saya yang kambuh. Apalagi kalau malam-malam saya tidur hanya menggunakan celana pendek tanpa selimut, tengah malam pasti mual dan saya terpaksa terbangun untuk minum obat maag syrup lalu berganti pakaian dengan yang lebih panjang lalu menggunakan selimut.

Tapi semakin kesini rasa mual semakin sering terjadi bahkan saat siang hari. Lalu saya teringat saya masih punya sediaan testpack yang waktu itu sebenarnya sudah kadaluarsa bulan Februari 2018. Saya cobalah itu testpack... awalnya ya datar aja gitu, karena saya pikir gak mungkinlah saya hamil.
Tapi ternyata saat dicelup garisnya langsung 2 (yang artinya positif menurut petunjuknya) dan enggak nunggu lama harus sampai 3 menit, pas celup langsung nyata garisnya. Agak was-was juga sih, tapi saya pikir mungkin ini efek dari testpack yang sudah kadaluarsa.

Besoknya, tanggal 9 Agust 2018, saya minta dibelikan testpack yang baru sama Pak Suami, saya test lagi pagi-pagi. Dan hasilnya GARIS DUA LAGI!

Agak bengong sih karena memang tidak menyangka, lagipula saya rasa bulan itu saya malah belum telat datang bulan. Seingat saya, HPHT (Hari Pertama Haid Terakhir) tanggal 10-an bulan Juli.

 Akhirnya saya memutuskan untuk USG hari Senin tgl 13 Agustus 2018. Selama beberapa hari itu saya stop dulu mengkonsumsi obat apapun karena takutnya tidak cocok untuk bumil.

Untuk USG dan cek ke dokter Obgyn saya pilih RSIA Harapan Bunda, karena saya bisanya pagi, jadi saya ketemu dokter Arief. Saya datang jam 11, tapi berhubung dr. Arief sedang ada pasien tindakan Caesar, dan hari itu yang praktek pagi hanya ada dr.Arief jadi saya terpaksa harus tunggu hingga jam 1 siang.

Sambil menunggu, saya cek BB dan mengurus lagi adm dengan suster, berhubung sudah 7 tahun saya baru datang untuk periksa lagi ke RS tsb, terakhir ketika mengandung anak pertama, itupun hanya beberapa kali di awal kehamilan.

Sambil suster membuat data untuk saya, kami sempat ngobrol sekilas, dia bilang bahwa kehamilan saya cukup beresiko mengingat usia yang sudah hampir 40. Cukup membuat saya down saat itu, tp sy positive thinking aja, lagipula sy pernah dengar beberapa ibu yg usianya 40 tahun lebih pun masih ada yg bisa melahirkan secara normal. Meskipun hal itu tidak bisa disamakan pada setiap ibu, karena kondisi masing-masing ibu dan janin memang berbeda. Kita hanya perlu positive thinking, berusaha yang terbaik dan tidak lupa berdoa, karena kalau belum apa-apa sudah down, bagaimana kita bisa memperjuangkan perjalanan yang saya yakin tidak akan mudah untuk beberapa bulan kedepan.

Akhirnya giliran saya tiba. Sy masuk ke ruang pemeriksaan yg cukup membuat saya kagum, tidak seperti ruang periksa kebanyakan. Dindingnya menggunakan wallpaper coklat motif, meja dokter dan lainnya terlihat rapi dan terasa sangat hommy.

"Perkiraan janin 6 minggu Bu, ini sudah terlihat kantung janinnya"
Wow hati saya berkata, alhamdulillah ternyata benar saya hamil, benar-benar terasa seperti mimpi.

Sebelum pulang saya sempat membawa secarik brosur tentang tarif/ biaya melahirkan di RSIA  tsb.

Menyikapi Masukan dan Saran

Pernah sekaliii saja seumur saya hidup sampai saat ini (dan saya berharap cukup sekali saja), saya dipertemukan dengan seseorang yang memberi masukan, tapi dia ngambek ketika saya tidak melakukan apa yang dia mau. Pengen ketawa aja sih, yah namanya jg masukan, tidak harus selalu dituruti kan. Orang lain hanya sebagai pemberi masukan, bukan berarti setiap masukan itu harus dituruti bukan? Setiap masukan jg pasti ada konsekuensi positif dan negatifnya, sehingga bijaksanalah dalam memilih yang terbaik.

Dan ingat, kehidupan manusia, sejak dari zaman Pleistosen sampai zaman now, tidak ada satupun kehidupan yang sama. Setiap manusia menjalani kehidupannya secara berbeda, dengan pengalaman, reference dan background yang tidak sama. Sidik jari pun tidak ada yang sama bukan? Jadi jangan menyamaratakan atau membuat penilaian berdasarkan standarisasi pribadi.

Kisah Tukang Ikan dan Papan Kayunya

Jadi kisahnya diawali seperti ini. Konon ada seorang pedagang ikan di pinggir jalan. Pedagang ikan itu membuka lapak kios kecil, kemudian di kios tersebut ada papan kayu bertuliskan, “JUAL IKAN SEGAR DI SINI.” Pada hari pertama, ada seorang yang datang kepada penjual ikan itu dan mengatakan, “Pak, kenapa harus pakai kata DISINI? Kan semua orang tahu bapak jualan ikan di sini, bukan di sana?” Kata orang tersebut sambil menunjuk ke seberang jalan.

Si Penjual ikan berpikir, kemudian berkata dalam hati, “benar juga ya.” Kemudian si tukang ikan itu pun menghapus kata DISINI sehingga tulisan di papan tersebut menjadi, “JUAL IKAN SEGAR.” Hari kedua datang lagi orang lain ke kiosnya. Orang yang baru datang itu kemudian berkata, “Kenapa harus pakai kata SEGAR? Toh semua orang tahu yang bapak jual itu ikan segar, bukan ikan busuk?” Karena berpikir lagi bahwa hal itu benar, maka kata segar pun dihapus dan menjadi, “JUAL IKAN”

Hari ketiga datang orang lain lagi. Dia bilang, “Kenapa Bapak tulis ikan? Semua orang tahu bahwa yang bapak tawarkan adalah ikan dan cuma ikan. Bukan kucing dan juga anjing.” Mendengar hal tersebut, si tukang mengangguk-ngangguk dan kemudian hanya menulis kata “JUAL” di papan kayunya. Sampai keesokan harinya, ada lagi orang yang bahkan memberikan masukan, “Mengapa bapak memasang papan? Semua orang tahu bahwa bapak sedang berjualan, bukan sedang pameran atau bagi-bagi gratis.” Akhirnya dibuanglah papan kayu tersebut dan si penjual ikan tidak memasang tanda apapun yang menunjukkan bahwa dirinya sedang menjual ikan yang sangat segar. Beberapa hari kemudian bisnis orang itu bangkrut karena tidak ada satu pun orang yang menyadari bahwa dia sedang berjualan ikan segar di lapaknya.

Kita mungkin tertawa atau tersenyum simpul ketika membaca cerita tersebut. Kok bodoh sekali ya ada orang yang seperti itu? Tetapi coba renungkan kembali, jangan-jangan diri kita juga seperti itu? Maka di sini ada 4 hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam menanggapi saran dan masukan dari orang lain.


1. Open Mind dan Tawadhu
Open mind artinya kita terbuka terhadap masukan, tidak bersikap resisten terhadap kritik (kecuali jika memang sedang lomba debat, hehe..) dan rendah hati. Sikap terbuka terhadap saran merupakan sarana penting untuk membuka diri kita terhadap perbaikan-perbaikan. Mereka yang tertutup cenderung tidak mau mendengar dan merasa bahwa yang sudah dilakukannya adalah yang paling benar. Jika seperti ini, jangankan menjalankan saran, menerimanya saja sulit.


2. Good listeners listen with ears, Great listeners listen with heart
Masukan sudah diterima, tetapi ingat bahwa pendengar yang hebat tidak hanya mendengarkan dengan telinganya, tetapi juga dengan hatinya. Maksudnya adalah saring masukan-masukan orang tersebut dan pikirkan secara lebih jernih dan matang. Terima dulu, kemudian saring mana yang bermanfaat untuk pengembangan diri dan mana yang tidak. Contoh kasus si tukang ikan adalah hanya mendengarkan dengan telinga, tetapi tidak menggunakan hati dan mempertimbangkan untuk perkembangannya sehingga malah merugikan dirinya sendiri.


3. Kita tidak akan pernah memuaskan semua orang
Tetapkan mana saran dan kritik yang ingin diambil, dan tidak usah memusingkan pilihan yang lain. Asalkan kita yakin bahwa saran tersebut baik untuk kita agar bisa terus berkembang. Kenapa begitu? Karena kita tidak akan bisa memuaskan semua orang sampai kapan pun. Hanya diri kita yang tahu mana yang terbaik untuk diri kita. Orang lain hanya sebagai pemberi masukan, bukan berarti setiap masukan itu harus dituruti bukan? Setiap masukan juga pasti ada konsekuensi positif dan negatifnya, sehingga bijaksanalah dalam memilih yang terbaik.



4. Be the best version of you!
Apa sih manfaat kritik dan saran itu? Hanya satu: agar kita dapat memberi yang terbaik dari diri kita. Jadi, selama saran itu justru malah menghancurkan dan membuat diri kita semakin lambat berkembang, justru sebaiknya dievaluasi dan dipikirkan kembali. Seperti contoh kasus tukang ikan. Jika Anda menjadi seperti pedagang itu, apa yang akan Anda lakukan? Be the best version of you and great result will follow.


Semoga bermanfaat dan menginspirasi !

11 Aliran Seni Rupa

11 Aliran Seni Rupa :

1. Naturalisme

naturalisme

Sesuai dengan judulnya ‘natural’ adalah salah satu aliran seni dimana objek yang berada dalam lukisan hampir sama dengan kenyataannya. Yang paling mencolok pada aliran ini adalah pewarnaan yang mirip dengan warna asli, juga adanya unsur prespektif. Seniman yang berkarya melukis dengan aliran ini, pasti membutuhkan suasana alam untuk mendapatkan objek senatural mungkin hingga akhirnya dia mengaplikasikan objek yang tertangkap oleh mata ke dalam sebuah lukisan. Hasil lukisan akan sama dengan objek.

Tokoh yang memiliki aliran ini antara lain : William Hogart dan Frans Hall, Abdullah Sudrio Subroto, Gambir Anom, Raden Saleh, Basuki Abdullah dan Trubus.

3. Realisme

realisme

Aliran yang satu ini mirip dengan naturalisme, namun ada perbedaan mendasar pada konsep ke2 aliran tersebut. Jika naturalisme adalah sebuah aliran yang menggambarkan keindahan alam dengan penekanan pada keindahan obyek, lain halnya dengan realisme adalah sebuah aliran yang berfokus pada suasana dan kenyataan yang ada di masyarakat misalnya penggambaran kondisi ekonomi seperti gelandangan dan juga politik.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Fransisco de Goya, Honore Daumier, dan Gustove Corbert.

4. Romantisme

romantisme

Aliran ini banyak digunakan untuk menggambarkan suasana atau kejadian, memiliki nilai fantastis, irasional, dramatis dan absurd. Seni rupa semacam ini menceritakan kisah-kisah dramatis dan suasana yang dibawa biasanya menyentuh hati namun bersifat kritik. Ciri-ciri seni rupa ini, mengandung banyak warna tetapi lebih sedikit objeknya. Contohnya gelas yang sedang diisi air, diatasnya bungkus racun yang dapat diartikan “membunuh.” Contoh lainnya lukisan seorang wanita yang sedang mencari suaminya ditengah medan perang.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Teobore, Raden Saleh dan Gerriwult.

5. Impresionisme

Impresionisme yang berasal dari kata impression yang artinya kesan. Sesuai dengan

impressionisme

artinya seni rupa ini hanya menampilkan kesan sekilas dari sebuah objek atau landscape. Ciri utamanya adalah obyek digambarkan dalam warna warna dengan bentuk yang nampak kabur dan tidak mendetail. Seni rupa ini biasanya membutuhkan bantuan sinar matahari untuk melihat detail objek kabur dalam lukisan, karena pada dasarnya seni rupa ini tidak menggunakan garis penegas.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Claud Monet, Casmile Pissaro, Sisley, Aguste Renoir, Edward Degas, Kusnadi, Mary Cassat, Solichin dan Afandi.

6. Ekspresionisme

Mendengar kata ekspresionisme saja, sudah dapat

ekspressionisme

dibayangkan bahwa aliran ini mengutamakan perasaan batin, curahan hati, imajinasi dan seniman dapat berkarya bebas. Objek yang biasa dilukis biasanya mengandung nuansa kesedihan, kekerasan, kemiskinan, hal-hal mengerikan dan tingkah-tingkah jahat manusia. Penganut aliran ini biasanya melukis secara spontan dengan gerakan yang cepat dan dinamis. Tidak aneh bila lukisan aliran ekspresionisme lebih cepat beres, karena pada dasarnya seniman hanya mencurahkan segala kekesalan, beban fikiran, dan keluh kesalnya.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Popo Iskandar, Vincent Van Gogh, Emile Nolde, JJ. Kandinsky, Zaini, Ernast, Karl Schmidt, Affandi dan Paul Klee.

7. Kubisme

kubisme

Kubisme adalah sebuah aliran seni yang menggambarkan objek dalam bentuk bentuk geometri, corak yang terkandung didalamnya menyerupai bidang seperti lingkaran, segiempat, segitiga, segiempat, silinder, kubus, dan kotak-kotak. Jika dilihat dari kejauhan, lukisan aliran ini seperti serpihan kaca yang disambung hingga berbentuk lukisan, sangat unik, elegan dan kokoh namun terkadang kombinasi warna dari setiap serpihan jauh dari natural, tidak sinkron namun tetap indah dipandang. Hasil aliran ini mirip dengan pop art.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Gezanne, Albert Glazes, Fernand Leger, Robert Delaunay, Metzinger, Braque, Francis Picabia, dan Juan Gris.

8. Abstraksionisme

abstraksionisme

Merupakan aliran seni yang menggambarkan objek dengan kabur, tidak mendetail bahkan tidak mirip dengan bentuk aslinya karena dipengaruhi oleh imajinasi dan ide dari pelukis itu sendiri. Aliran ini terlahir untuk melepas diri dari sensasi-sensasi suatu objek dalam lukisan, hasilnya hanya sebuah geratan berwarna, jika dilihat tidak tahu dimana bagian seninya, kombinasi warnanyapun tidak sinkron, objeknya terbilang kabur bahkan seperti tidak ada.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Naum Goba dan Wassily Kadinsky.

9. Dadaisme

Dadaisme adalah aliran yang menggambarkan objek dalam bentuk mengerikan,

dadaisme

kekanakan, dan kurang serius karena aliran ini justru terlahir karena makna yang terkandung didalamnya dianggap antiperasaan dan antiseni karena lebih dominan berhubungan dengan kekerasan dan kekasaran. Ciri-ciri aliran ini sangat aneh, seperti lukisan Monalisa yang diberi tahi lalat besar, kuda yang kepalanya lebih kecil, atau bahkan keindahan yang ditengahnya ada sekumpulan yang sedang bertengkar.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Max Ernst, Marcel Duchamp, Picabia, Juan Gross dan Hans Arp

10. Surealisme

surealisme

Hasil karya dari seni ini lebih seperti sebuah mimpi yang ajaib dan diluar logika. Biasanya seperti objek yang sering ditemukan di mimpi. Ciri-ciri aliran ini terdapat keanehan dari suatu objek, contohnya Kodok kepalanya berbentuk jam dinding, ular yang memiliki kaki. Terkesan gila, namun justru itu uniknya aliran ini. Seniman yang menganut aliran ini pastilah memiliki imajinasi yang tinggi.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Laszlo Moholy-nagy, Liubuov Popova, Naum Gabo, Victor Pasmore, dan Oskar Schlemmer.

11. Fauvisme

fauvisme

Fauvisme berasal dari bahasa Prancis yang berarti Des Fauves artinya binatang liar. Sebuah aliran seni rupa yang digambarkan dengan menggunakan warna warna liar namun tetap nyentrik. Aliran ini muncul sekitar abad XX Masehi. Dimulai dari seniman muda yang ingin berkarya dengan menggunakan warna yang sedikit berbeda dengan aslinya.

Tokoh yang menganut aliran ini : Henry Matisse, Maurice de Vlamink, Kess Van Dongen, Andre Dirrain, dan Rauol Dufi.

Pelukis Paling Terkenal di Dunia Sepanjang Masa

 List ini berdasarkan penilaian oleh votes para user di https://www.ranker.com terupdate bulan Agustus 2018

 

1. Leonardo Da Vinci

Aliran Naturalis

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci adalah seorang jenius sejati yang menghiasi dunia ini dengan kehadirannya dari 15 April 1452 hingga 2 Mei 1519. Dia adalah salah satu seniman paling berpengaruh dalam sejarah, setelah meninggalkan warisan yang signifikan tidak hanya di bidang seni tetapi dalam sains juga.

Leonardo da Vinci adalah polymath Italia dari masa Renaisans, yang bidang minatnya meliputi penemuan, lukisan, pemahatan, arsitektur, sains, musik, matematika, teknik, sastra, anatomi, geologi, astronomi, botani, penulisan, sejarah, dan kartografi. Dia telah banyak disebut bapak paleontologi, ichnology, dan arsitektur, dan secara luas dianggap sebagai salah satu pelukis terbesar sepanjang masa.

Tahun-Tahun Awal: 1452 hingga 1476 Leonardo da Vinci lahir di sebuah dusun Tuscan dekat Vinci. Lahir di luar nikah dengan seorang notaris, Piero da Vinci, dan seorang wanita petani, Caterina, di Vinci di wilayah Florence.

Dia memulai magang sembilan tahun pada usia 14 tahun di studio Florentine, studio pelukis terkenal Andrea del Verrocchio, pematung populer, pelukis dan tukang emas yang merupakan tokoh penting dalam dunia seni hari ini. 

 
Verrocchio, yang telah mempelajari keahliannya di bawah master Donatello, adalah pematung yang diakui secara resmi untuk keluarga Medici, penguasa Italia selama era ini. Di bawah bimbingan Verrocchio, da Vinci mungkin berkembang dari melakukan berbagai tugas kasar di sekitar studio untuk mencampur cat dan menyiapkan permukaan. Dia kemudian akan lulus untuk belajar dan menyalin karya tuannya. Akhirnya, dia akan membantu Verrocchio, bersama dengan murid lainnya, dalam menghasilkan karya seni master.Da Vinci tidak hanya mengembangkan keterampilannya dalam menggambar, melukis dan mematung selama magang, tetapi melalui orang lain yang bekerja di dalam dan di sekitar studio, ia mengambil pengetahuan di bidang yang beragam seperti mekanika, pertukangan, metalurgi, perancangan arsitektur dan kimia. Pada tahun 1473, ketika ia sudah lebih dari setengah dari studinya dengan Verrocchio, ia menyelesaikan Menggambar Lanskap untuk Santa Maria della Neve, sebuah penggambaran pena dan tinta dari lembah Sungai Arno. Ini adalah karya paling awal yang jelas berasal dari da Vinci. 

Sebagian besar kehidupan kerja sebelumnya dihabiskan untuk melayani Ludovico il Moro di Milan. Dia kemudian bekerja di Roma, Bologna dan Venesia, dan dia menghabiskan tahun-tahun terakhirnya di Perancis di rumah yang diberikan kepadanya oleh Francis I dari Perancis.

  

Artworks: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Bacchus, Adoration of the Magi, Annunciation, + more

Age: Died at 67 (1452-1519)

Birthplace: Vinci, Italy

Associated periods or movements: High Renaissance

Mona Lisa - by Leonardo Da Vinci  

Lokasi saat ini Louvre Museum, Paris, France (sejak 1797)

 Dimensions‎: ‎77 cm x 53 cm

 (Jika dijual, lukisan Monalisa dinilai berharga US $ 700 Juta, atau lebih dari RP 9 Triliun) 

 

The Last Supper - by Leonardo Da Vinci

Painted at Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan Italy

Dimensions‎: ‎460 cm × 880 cm

 

 

Salvator  Mundi - by Leonardo Da Vinci

 (15 November 2017 Dibeli oleh pangeran Arab Saudi, Pangeran Bader bin Abdullah bdin Mohammed bin Farhan AL Saud dalam lelang di New York, Amerika Serikat seharga US$ 450,3 juta atau sekitar Rp 6.102.915.900.000 (6,1 trilliun rupiah))  

 

karya lukisannya dapat dilihat di https://www.leonardodavinci.net/paintings.jsp

karya sketsanya dapat dilihat di https://www.leonardodavinci.net/drawings.jsp

2. Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, umumnya dikenal sebagai Michelangelo, lahir di Caprese dekat Arezzo, Republik Florence (masa kini Toskana, Italia), 6 Maret 1475 – meninggal di Roma, Negara-negara Kepausan (masa kini Italia), 18 Februari 1564 pada umur 88 tahun.
Seorang pematung Italia, pelukis, arsitek, penyair, dan arsitek dari High Renaissance yang memberikan pengaruh yang tak tertandingi pada perkembangan seni Barat. Dianggap sebagai seniman hidup terbesar di masa hidupnya, ia telah dipegang sebagai salah satu artis terhebat sepanjang masa. Meskipun membuat beberapa forays di luar seni, fleksibilitas dalam disiplin yang ia ambil adalah suatu tatanan yang tinggi sehingga ia sering dianggap sebagai pesaing untuk judul pria Renaissance tipikal, bersama dengan rekannya Italia Leonardo da Vinci. Sejumlah karyanya dalam seni lukis, patung, dan arsitektur termasuk yang paling terkenal.
Ia terkenal untuk sumbangan studi anatomi di dalam Seni Rupa. Karyanya yang dianggap terbaik adalah Patung David, Pietà, dan Fresko di langit-langit Kapel Sistina.

 ...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: David, The Creation of Adam, Sistine Chapel ceiling, Pietà, Bacchus, + more

Age: Died at 89 (1475-1564)

Birthplace: Caprese Michelangelo, Italy

Associated periods or movements: High Renaissance, Italian Renaissance, Renaissance

The Creation of Adam - by Michelangelo
Painted at Sistine Chapel's ceiling, 1508–1512, Vatican Italy

Dimensions: 2.8 m x 5.7 m

 

The Last Judgement - by Michelangelo 

Painted at Sistine Chapel's ceiling, 1536–1541, Vatican Italy

Dimensions‎: ‎13.7 m × 12 m

3. Vincent Van Gogh

Vincent Willem van Gogh was a major Post-Impressionist painter. He was a Dutch artist whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art. His output includes portraits, self portraits, landscapes and still lifes of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers. Van Gogh drew as a child but did not paint until his late twenties; he completed many of his best-known works during the last two years of his life. In just over a decade he produced more than 2,100 artworks, including 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints. Van Gogh was born to upper middle class parents and spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art dealers. He traveled between ...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: The Starry Night, The Potato Eaters, Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers, Portrait of Adeline Ravoux, Portrait of Dr. Gachet (First Version), + more

Age: Died at 37 (1853-1890)

Birthplace: Zundert, Kingdom of the Netherlands

Associated periods or movements: Post-Impressionism

4. Rembrandt

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was a Dutch painter and etcher. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art and the most important in Dutch history. His contributions to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural achievement that historians call the Dutch Golden Age when Dutch Golden Age painting, although in many ways antithetical to the Baroque style that dominated Europe, was extremely prolific and innovative, and gave rise to important new genres in painting. Having achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, Rembrandt's later years were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardships. Yet his etchings and paintings were popular ...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: The Night Watch, Artemisia, David and Uriah, Self-Portrait, The Storm on the Sea of Galilee, + more

Age: Died at 63 (1606-1669)

Birthplace: Leiden, Netherlands

Associated periods or movements: Dutch Golden Age, Realism, Baroque

5.  Pablo Picasso

Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. As one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, and Guernica, a portrayal of the Bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces at the behest of the Spanish nationalist government during the Spanish Civil War. Pic...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Guernica, The Old Guitarist, Family of Saltimbanques, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Las Meninas (after Velázquez), + more

Age: Died at 92 (1881-1973)

Birthplace: Málaga, Spain

Associated periods or movements: Picasso's African Period, Analytic cubism, Cubism, Picasso's Rose Period, Picasso's Blue Period, + more

6. Raphael

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at 37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della S...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Saint George and the Dragon, Sistine Madonna, The School of Athens, Galatea, Aldobrandini Madonna, + more

Age: Died at 37 (1483-1520)

Birthplace: Urbino, Italy

Associated periods or movements: High Renaissance, Italian Renaissance, Renaissance

7. Johannes Vermeer

Johannes, Jan or Johan Vermeer was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life. Vermeer was a moderately successful provincial genre painter in his lifetime. He seems never to have been particularly wealthy, leaving his wife and children in debt at his death, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings. Vermeer worked slowly and with great care, using bright colours and sometimes expensive pigments, with a preference for lapis lazuli and Indian yellow. He is particularly renowned for his masterly treatment and use of light in his work. Vermeer painted mostly domestic interior scenes. "Almost all his paintings are apparently set in two smallish ro...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Girl with a Pearl Earring, The Kitchen Maid, Saint Praxedis, Diana and Her Companions, The Lacemaker, + more

Age: Died at 43 (1632-1675)

Birthplace: Delft, Kingdom of the Netherlands

Associated periods or movements: Dutch Golden Age, Baroque

8. Claude Monet

Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. The term "Impressionism" is derived from the title of his painting Impression, soleil levant, which was exhibited in 1874 in the first of the independent exhibitions mounted by Monet and his associates as an alternative to the Salon de Paris. Monet's ambition of documenting the French countryside led him to adopt a method of painting the same scene many times in order to capture the changing of light and the passing of the seasons. From 1883 Monet ...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Water Lilies, The Japanese Footbridge and the Water Lily Pool, Giverny, Impression, Sunrise, + more

Age: Died at 86 (1840-1926)

Birthplace: Paris, France

Associated periods or movements: Impressionism

9.  Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio was an Italian painter active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily between 1592 and 1610. His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on Baroque painting. Caravaggio trained as a painter in Milan under Simone Peterzano who had himself trained under Titian. In his twenties Caravaggio moved to Rome where there was a demand for paintings to fill the many huge new churches and palazzos being built at the time. It was also a period when the Church was searching for a stylistic alternative to Mannerism in religious art that was tasked to counter the t...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Bacchus, Supper at Emmaus (Caravaggio), London, The Calling of St Matthew, Medusa, + more

Age: Died at 39 (1571-1610)

Birthplace: Milan, Italy

Associated periods or movements: Renaissance, Baroque

10.  Renoir

Pierre-Auguste Renoir Working closely with Paul Cezanne, Edgar Degas, and other artists, he helped shape the Impressionism movement.more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Bal du moulin de la Galette, Pont Neuf, Paris, By the Seashore, The Canoeist's Luncheon, + more

Age: Died at 78 (1841-1919)

Birthplace: Limoges, France

Associated periods or movements: Impressionism

11. Édouard Manet

Édouard Manet was a French painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, and a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. His early masterworks, The Luncheon on the Grass and Olympia, both 1863, caused great controversy and served as rallying points for the young painters who would create Impressionism. Today, these are considered watershed paintings that mark the genesis of modern art.more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe, The Monet Family in Their Garden at Argenteuil, The Railway, Rochefort's Escape, Music in the Tuileries, + more

Age: Died at 51 (1832-1883)

Birthplace: France, Paris

Associated periods or movements: Impressionism, Realism, Realism

12. Salvador Dalí

Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, 1st Marqués de Dalí de Pubol, known as Salvador Dalí, was a prominent Spanish surrealist painter born in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain. Dalí was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking and bizarre images in his surrealist work. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters. His best-known work, The Persistence of Memory, was completed in August 1931. Dalí's expansive artistic repertoire included film, sculpture, and photography, in collaboration with a range of artists in a variety of media. Dalí attributed his "love of everything that is gilded and excessive, my passion for luxury and my love of orien...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: The Persistence of Memory, Galatea of the Spheres, The Burning Giraffe, Metamorphosis of Narcissus, Tuna Fishing, + more

Age: Died at 85 (1904-1989)

Birthplace: Figueres, Spain

Associated periods or movements: Dada, Cubism, Surrealism

 13. Paul Cézanne

Paul Cézanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne's often repetitive, exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of his subjects. Cézanne can be said to form the bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and the early 20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism. Both Matisse and Picasso are said to have remarked that Cézanne "...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: The Basket of Apples, The Large Bathers, Still Life with Apples, Madame Cézanne in a Yellow Chair, Mont Sainte-Victoire seen from Bellevue, + more

Age: Died at 67 (1839-1906)

Birthplace: Aix-en-Provence, France

Associated periods or movements: Post-Impressionism, Cubism, Impressionism

14. Diego Velázquez

Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez was a Spanish painter who was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV and one of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary Baroque period, important as a portrait artist. In addition to numerous renditions of scenes of historical and cultural significance, he painted scores of portraits of the Spanish royal family, other notable European figures, and commoners, culminating in the production of his masterpiece Las Meninas. From the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Velázquez's artwork was a model for the realist and impressionist painters, in particular Édouard Manet. Since ...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Las Meninas, Portrait of Mother Jeronima de la Fuente, Portrait of a Man, Portrait of Juan de Pareja, Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Pink Dress, + more

Age: Died at 61 (1599-1660)

Birthplace: Seville, Spain

Associated periods or movements: Baroque

 15. Peter Paul Rubens

Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish Baroque painter. A proponent of an extravagant Baroque style that emphasized movement, colour, and sensuality, Rubens is well known for his Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects. In addition to running a large studio in Antwerp that produced paintings popular with nobility and art collectors throughout Europe, Rubens was a classically educated humanist scholar and diplomat who was knighted by both Philip IV, King of Spain, and Charles I, King of England.more on Wikipedia

Artworks: The Elevation of the Cross, The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, Assumption of the Virgin Mary, The Assumption of the Virgin, Alethea Talbot with her Husband, + more

Age: Died at 63 (1577-1640)

Birthplace: Siegen, Germany

Associated periods or movements: Baroque, Antwerp school

16.  Edgar Degas

Edgar Degas was a French artist famous for his paintings, sculptures, prints, and drawings. He is especially identified with the subject of dance; more than half of his works depict dancers. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism, although he rejected the term, preferring to be called a realist. He was a superb draftsman, and particularly masterly in depicting movement, as can be seen in his renditions of dancers, racecourse subjects and female nudes. His portraits are notable for their psychological complexity and for their portrayal of human isolation. At the beginning of his career, he wanted to be a history painter, a calling for which he was well prepared by his rigorous...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Little Dancer of Fourteen Years, Ballet Rehearsal, Arabesque, Young Spartans Exercising, Interior, + more

Age: Died at 83 (1834-1917)

Birthplace: Paris, France

Associated periods or movements: Impressionism, Realism

17. Gustav Klimt

Gustav Klimt was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's primary subject was the female body, and his works are marked by a frank eroticism. In addition to his figurative works, which include allegories and portraits, he painted landscapes. Among the artists of the Vienna Secession, Klimt was the most influenced by Japanese art and its methods. Early in his artistic career he was a successful painter of architectural decorations in a conventional manner. As he developed a more personal style, his work was the subject of controversy that culminated ...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: The Kiss, Danaë, Beethoven Frieze, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I, Adele Bloch-Bauer II, + more

Age: Died at 56 (1862-1918)

Birthplace: Baumgarten, Vienna, Austria

Associated periods or movements: Art Nouveau, Symbolist literature, Vienna Secession

18. Henri Matisse

Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse was a French artist, known for his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Marcel Duchamp, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. Although he was initially labelled a Fauve, by the 1920s he was increasingly hailed as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and draw...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Woman with a Hat, Blue Nude II, Les toits de Collioure, Green Stripe, Madras Rouge, + more

Age: Died at 85 (1869-1954)

Birthplace: Le Cateau-Cambrésis, France

Associated periods or movements: Fauvism, Modernism, Impressionism, Neo-impressionism

19.  Georgia O'Keeffe

Georgia Totto O'Keeffe was an American artist. Born near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, O'Keeffe first came to the attention of the New York art community in 1916. She is best known for her paintings of enlarged flowers, New York skyscrapers, and New Mexico landscapes. O'Keeffe has been recognized as the "Mother of American modernism".more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Cow's Skull with Calico Roses, The Black Place, Cow's Skull: Red^! White^! and Blue, Sky Above Clouds IV, From a Day with Juan II, + more

Age: Died at 99 (1887-1986)

Birthplace: Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, United States of America

Associated periods or movements: American modernism

20. Edvard Munch

Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely evocative treatment of psychological themes built upon some of the main tenets of late 19th-century Symbolism and greatly influenced German Expressionism in the early 20th century. One of his most well-known works is The Scream of 1893.more on Wikipedia

Artworks: The Scream, Madonna, Vampire, Girl Looking out the Window, Two Women on the Shore, + more

Age: Died at 81 (1863-1944)

Birthplace: Ådalsbruk, Løten, Norway

Associated periods or movements: Expressionism, Symbolist literature

23.  James Abbott Whistler

James Abbott McNeill Whistler /ˈdʒeɪmz ˈæbət məkˈniːl ˈwɪslɚ/ was an American-born, British-based artist active during the American Gilded Age. Averse to sentimentality and moral allusion in painting, he was a leading proponent of the credo "art for art's sake". His famous signature for his paintings was in the shape of a stylized butterfly possessing a long stinger for a tail. The symbol was apt, for it combined both aspects of his personality—his art was characterized by a subtle delicacy, while his public persona was combative. Finding a parallel between painting and music, Whistler entitled many of his paintings "arrangements", "harmonies", and "nocturnes", emphasizing the primacy of ton...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Whistler's Mother, Wapping, Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 2: Portrait of Thomas Carlyle, Nocturne: Blue and Gold – Old Battersea Bridge, + more

Age: Died at 69 (1834-1903)

Birthplace: Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America

Associated periods or movements: Aestheticism, Grand manner

24. Frida Kahlo

Frida Kahlo de Rivera was a Mexican painter who is best known for her self-portraits. Kahlo's life began and ended in Mexico City, in her home known as the Blue House. Her work has been celebrated in Mexico as emblematic of national and indigenous tradition and by feminists for its uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form. Mexican culture and Amerindian cultural tradition are important in her work, which has been sometimes characterized as naïve art or folk art. Her work has also been described as surrealist, and in 1938 André Breton, principal initiator of the surrealist movement, described Kahlo's art as a "ribbon around a bomb". Frida rejected the "surrealist" label; she...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird, Self-Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky, Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair, Fulang-Chang and I, My Grandparents, + more

Age: Died at 47 (1907-1954)

Birthplace: Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico

Associated periods or movements: Surrealism

27. Jackson Pollock

Paul Jackson Pollock, known as Jackson Pollock, was an influential American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was well known for his unique style of drip painting. During his lifetime, Pollock enjoyed considerable fame and notoriety, a major artist of his generation. Regarded as reclusive, he had a volatile personality, and struggled with alcoholism for most of his life. In 1945, he married the artist Lee Krasner, who became an important influence on his career and on his legacy. Pollock died at the age of 44 in an alcohol-related single-car accident when he was driving. In December 1956, several months after his death, Pollock was given a memorial retrosp...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: No. 5, 1948, Untitled, Bird, Stenographic Figure, + more

Age: Died at 44 (1912-1956)

Birthplace: Cody, Grant Village, Wyoming, United States of America

Associated periods or movements: Abstract expressionism

29. Roy Lichtenstein

Roy Fox Lichtenstein was an American pop artist. During the 1960s, along with Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, and James Rosenquist among others, he became a leading figure in the new art movement. His work defined the basic premise of pop art through parody. Favoring the comic strip as his main inspiration, Lichtenstein produced hard-edged, precise compositions that documented while it parodied often in a tongue-in-cheek humorous manner. His work was heavily influenced by both popular advertising and the comic book style. He described pop art as "not 'American' painting but actually industrial painting". His paintings were exhibited at the Leo Castelli Gallery in New York City. Whaam! and Drownin...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Drowning Girl, Whaam!, Roast Turkey Shopping Bag, Rouen Cathedral Set V [right], Artist's Studio The Dance", + more

Age: Died at 74 (1923-1997)

Birthplace: New York City, Manhattan, USA, New York

Associated periods or movements: Pop art

30. Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture and advertisement that flourished by the 1960s. After a successful career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol became a renowned and sometimes controversial artist. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives. It is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist. Warhol's art used many types of media, including hand drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, silk screening, sculpture, film, and music. ...more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Campbell's Soup Cans, Marilyn Monroe, Diana Vreeland, Truman Capote and Liza Minelli, A Set of Six Self-Portraits, + more

Age: Died at 59 (1928-1987)

Birthplace: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Associated periods or movements: Pop art

31. Mark Rothko

Mark Rothko was an American painter of Russian Jewish descent. He is generally identified as an Abstract Expressionist. With Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, he is one of the most famous postwar American artists.more on Wikipedia

Artworks: Green and Maroon, Ochre and Red on Red, Orange and Red on Red, Green and Tangerine on Red, No. 10, + more

Age: Died at 67 (1903-1970)

Birthplace: Daugavpils, Latvia

Associated periods or movements: Color Field, Abstract expressionism